The GNU Project is an attempt to develop
a complete free and open source
operating system, as well as a suite of useful programs, initiated by
Richard Stallman
and the
Free Software Foundation.
The
GPL,
LGPL,
and the GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) were originally developed for the GNU Project,
although, they are also now used for many other projects too.
The GNU Project includes
the bash shell,
GNU Binary Utilities (binutils),
the GNU C Library (glibc)
the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC),
and the GNU Core Utilities (core).
Additionally, an operating system kernel,
known as GNU Hurd is under development,
but since it is not yet finished,
most GNU users use the programs with
the
Linux
operating system.
Versions of many of the GNU utilities are
also available for other operating systems including
Mac OS X,
Microsoft Windows,
and
Solaris.
The majority (but not all) the copyrights in the GNU project are held by the
Free Software Foundation,
and as already mentioned, most parts of the project are
distributed under the
GPL or
LGPL
licenses, although some other
free/open-source licenses
are used for some parts of the project.
Here are some books about GNU:
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Product Description: This manual provides a complete tutorial introduction to the GNU C and C++ compilers, gcc and g++. Many books teach the C and C++ languages, this book teaches you how to use the compiler itself. All the common problems and error messages encountered by new users of GCC are carefully explained, with numerous easy-to-follow "Hello World" examples. Topics covered include: compiling C and C++ programs using header files and libraries, warning options, use of the preprocessor, static and dynamic linking, debugging, optimization, platform-specific options, profiling and coverage testing, paths and environment variables, and the C++ standard library and templates. Features a special foreword by Richard M. Stallman, principal developer of GCC and founder of the GNU Project. All the money raised from the sale of this book will support the development of free software and documentation.
The promise of having control over their environment draws programmers to UNIX. It offers powerful tools for the initiated within an operating system that can be customized and tuned in almost unlimited ways. Programmers use UNIX because it lets them do what they want. And they like to see the source code for the software they work with.
So it's no surprise the most popular programming tools on UNIX are free. They're easy to get, easy to customize, and better than many tools put out by vendors. They also offer a great deal of power. And the source code is publicly available.
This book and CD combination is a complete package for programmers who are new to UNIX or who would like to make better use of the system. The tools come from Cygnus Support, Inc., and Cyclic Software, companies that provide support for free software. The tools on the CD include:
GNU Emacs, the legendary text editor
gcc, the C and C++ compiler that immediately established itself as the best UNIX compiler for robustness and optimization
GNU libraries (including C++ libraries)
The gdb debugger
RCS, a tool for backing up and maintaining multiple versions of source files
GNU make, the most powerful version of that utility for managing builds
The book provides an introduction to all these tools for a C programmer. Previous experience with UNIX is not required.
The CD-ROM in this book contains binaries for several popular UNIX systems, including Sun SPARC4 running SunOS 4.1.3, Sun SPARC4 running Solaris 2.4, HP 9000/700 running HPUX, IBM RS/6000 running AIX 3, SGI Iris/Indigo running Irix 5.3, and Alpha running Digital UNIX. Complete source code and scripts for configuration, building, and installation are also included.
Product Description: GNU/Linux is the Swiss army knife of operating systems. You'll find it in the smallest devices (such as an Apple iPod) to the largest most powerful supercomputers (like IBM's Blue Gene). You'll also find GNU/Linux running on the most diverse architectures, from the older x86 processors to the latest cell processor that powers the PlayStation 3 console. GNU/Linux Application Programming, Second Edition gets you up and running developing applications on the GNU/Linux operating system, whether you're interested in creating applications for an iPod or a Blue Gene. This completely updated edition covers all the necessary tools and techniques with many examples illustrating the use of GNU/Linux APIs. Split into fi ve distinct parts, the book covers GNU tools, topics in application development, shells and scripting, debugging and hardening, and introductory topics, including the fundamentals of virtualization. See why thousands of programmers have chosen GNU/Linux Application Programming to teach them how to develop applications on the GNU/Linux operating system!
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Product Description:
The utility simply known as make is one of the most enduring features of both Unix and other operating systems. First invented in the 1970s, make still turns up to this day as the central engine in most programming projects; it even builds the Linux kernel. In the third edition of the classic Managing Projects with GNU make, readers will learn why this utility continues to hold its top position in project build software, despite many younger competitors.
The premise behind make is simple: after you change source files and want to rebuild your program or other output files, make checks timestamps to see what has changed and rebuilds just what you need, without wasting time rebuilding other files. But on top of this simple principle, make layers a rich collection of options that lets you manipulate multiple directories, build different versions of programs for different platforms, and customize your builds in other ways.
This edition focuses on the GNU version of make, which has deservedly become the industry standard. GNU make contains powerful extensions that are explored in this book. It is also popular because it is free software and provides a version for almost every platform, including a version for Microsoft Windows as part of the free Cygwin project. Managing Projects with GNU make, 3rd Edition provides guidelines on meeting the needs of large, modern projects. Also added are a number of interesting advanced topics such as portability, parallelism, and use with Java.
Robert Mecklenburg, author of the third edition, has used make for decades with a variety of platforms and languages. In this book he zealously lays forth how to get your builds to be as efficient as possible, reduce maintenance, avoid errors, and thoroughly understand what make is doing. Chapters on C++ and Java provide makefile entries optimized for projects in those languages. The author even includes a discussion of the makefile used to build the book.
The GNU Autotools make it easy for developers to create software that is portable across many UNIX-like operating systems. Thousands of open source software packages use the Autotools, but the learning curve is unfortunately steep, and it can be difficult for a beginner to find anything more than basic reference material on using the powerful software suite.
In Autotools, author John Calcote begins with an overview of high-level concepts; then tackles more advanced topics, like using the M4 macro processor with Autoconf, extending the Automake framework, and building Java and C# sources.
You'll learn how to:
Master the Autotools build system to maximize your software's portability
Generate Autoconf configuration scripts to simplify the compilation process
Produce portable makefiles with Automake
Build cross-platform software libraries with Libtool
Write your own Autoconf macros
Autotools also includes a variety of complete projects that you're encouraged to work through to gain a real-world sense of how to become an Autotools practitioner. For example, you'll turn the FLAIM and Jupiter projects' hand-coded, makefile-based build systems into a powerful Autotools-based build system.
GNU Emacs is the most popular and widespread of the Emacs family of editors. It is also the most powerful and flexible. Unlike all other text editors, GNU Emacs is a complete working environment--you can stay within Emacs all day without leaving. Learning GNU Emacs, 3rd Edition tells readers how to get started with the GNU Emacs editor. It is a thorough guide that will also "grow" with you: as you become more proficient, this book will help you learn how to use Emacs more effectively. It takes you from basic Emacs usage (simple text editing) to moderately complicated customization and programming.
The third edition of Learning GNU Emacs describes Emacs 21.3 from the ground up, including new user interface features such as an icon-based toolbar and an interactive interface to Emacs customization. A new chapter details how to install and run Emacs on Mac OS X, Windows, and Linux, including tips for using Emacs effectively on those platforms.
Learning GNU Emacs, third edition, covers:
How to edit files with Emacs
Using the operating system shell through Emacs
How to use multiple buffers, windows, and frames
Customizing Emacs interactively and through startup files
Writing macros to circumvent repetitious tasks
Emacs as a programming environment for Java, C++, and Perl, among others
Using Emacs as an integrated development environment (IDE)
Integrating Emacs with CVS, Subversion and other change control systems for projects with multiple developers
Writing HTML, XHTML, and XML with Emacs
The basics of Emacs Lisp
The book is aimed at new Emacs users, whether or not they are programmers. Also useful for readers switching from other Emacs implementations to GNU Emacs.
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Product Description: This manual is the definitive guide to GNU Octave, an interactive environment for numerical computation. GNU Octave provides a convenient command-line interface for solving linear and nonlinear problems using vectors and matrices. This updated edition of the manual covers version 3 of GNU Octave, and includes documentation for new features such as sparse matrices, linear programming and computational geometry. GNU Octave is free software, distributed under the GNU General Public License (GPL). All the money raised from the sale of this book supports the development of free software. For each copy sold $1 will be donated to the GNU Octave Development Fund. About the authors: John W. Eaton is the original developer of GNU Octave.
The Make program is indispensable to maintainers of free software systems. The GNU Make manual, written by the program's original authors, is the definitive tutorial. It also includes an introductory chapter for novice users. The Make utility automates the process of compilation; it is especially useful when the source files of large programs change. It is a small program with a lot of power.
This book will show you: * How to write your own makefiles * Make's rule syntax and how to write your own rules * How the Make utility can be configured to automatically put binary and source files in the right places. * How to use make to create archive files automatically * Define, set and use Make's variables * How Make uses targets so that you can broaden or narrow Make's recompilation efforts on demand. * And much more!
This manual provides a complete explanation of Make, both the basics and extended features. There is also a convenient Quick Reference appendix for experts.
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Product Description: The GNU Scientific Library (GSL) is a free numerical library for C and C++ programmers. It provides over 1,000 routines for solving mathematical problems in science and engineering. Written by the developers of GSL this reference manual is the definitive guide to the library. The GNU Scientific Library is free software, distributed under the GNU General Public License (GPL). All the money raised from the sale of this book supports the development of the GNU Scientific Library. This is the third edition of the manual, and corresponds to version 1.12 of the library (updated January 2009).
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