The GNU Project is an attempt to develop
a complete free and open source
operating system, as well as a suite of useful programs, initiated by
Richard Stallman
and the
Free Software Foundation.
The
GPL,
LGPL,
and the GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) were originally developed for the GNU Project,
although, they are also now used for many other projects too.
The GNU Project includes
the bash shell,
GNU Binary Utilities (binutils),
the GNU C Library (glibc)
the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC),
and the GNU Core Utilities (core).
Additionally, an operating system kernel,
known as GNU Hurd is under development,
but since it is not yet finished,
most GNU users use the programs with
the
Linux
operating system.
Versions of many of the GNU utilities are
also available for other operating systems including
Mac OS X,
Microsoft Windows,
and
Solaris.
The majority (but not all) the copyrights in the GNU project are held by the
Free Software Foundation,
and as already mentioned, most parts of the project are
distributed under the
GPL or
LGPL
licenses, although some other
free/open-source licenses
are used for some parts of the project.
Here are some books about GNU:
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The utility simply known as make is one of the most enduring features of both Unix and other operating systems. First invented in the 1970s, make still turns up to this day as the central engine in most programming projects; it even builds the Linux kernel. In the third edition of the classic Managing Projects with GNU make, readers will learn why this utility continues to hold its top position in project build software, despite many younger competitors.
The premise behind make is simple: after you change source files and want to rebuild your program or other output files, make checks timestamps to see what has changed and rebuilds just what you need, without wasting time rebuilding other files. But on top of this simple principle, make layers a rich collection of options that lets you manipulate multiple directories, build different versions of programs for different platforms, and customize your builds in other ways.
This edition focuses on the GNU version of make, which has deservedly become the industry standard. GNU make contains powerful extensions that are explored in this book. It is also popular because it is free software and provides a version for almost every platform, including a version for Microsoft Windows as part of the free Cygwin project. Managing Projects with GNU make, 3rd Edition provides guidelines on meeting the needs of large, modern projects. Also added are a number of interesting advanced topics such as portability, parallelism, and use with Java.
Robert Mecklenburg, author of the third edition, has used make for decades with a variety of platforms and languages. In this book he zealously lays forth how to get your builds to be as efficient as possible, reduce maintenance, avoid errors, and thoroughly understand what make is doing. Chapters on C++ and Java provide makefile entries optimized for projects in those languages. The author even includes a discussion of the makefile used to build the book.
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Product Description: GNU/Linux is the Swiss army knife of operating systems. You'll find it in the smallest devices (such as an Apple iPod) to the largest most powerful supercomputers (like IBM's Blue Gene). You'll also find GNU/Linux running on the most diverse architectures, from the older x86 processors to the latest cell processor that powers the PlayStation 3 console. GNU/Linux Application Programming, Second Edition gets you up and running developing applications on the GNU/Linux operating system, whether you're interested in creating applications for an iPod or a Blue Gene. This completely updated edition covers all the necessary tools and techniques with many examples illustrating the use of GNU/Linux APIs. Split into fi ve distinct parts, the book covers GNU tools, topics in application development, shells and scripting, debugging and hardening, and introductory topics, including the fundamentals of virtualization. See why thousands of programmers have chosen GNU/Linux Application Programming to teach them how to develop applications on the GNU/Linux operating system!
GNU Emacs is the most popular and widespread of the Emacs family of editors. It is also the most powerful and flexible. Unlike all other text editors, GNU Emacs is a complete working environment--you can stay within Emacs all day without leaving. Learning GNU Emacs, 3rd Edition tells readers how to get started with the GNU Emacs editor. It is a thorough guide that will also "grow" with you: as you become more proficient, this book will help you learn how to use Emacs more effectively. It takes you from basic Emacs usage (simple text editing) to moderately complicated customization and programming.
The third edition of Learning GNU Emacs describes Emacs 21.3 from the ground up, including new user interface features such as an icon-based toolbar and an interactive interface to Emacs customization. A new chapter details how to install and run Emacs on Mac OS X, Windows, and Linux, including tips for using Emacs effectively on those platforms.
Learning GNU Emacs, third edition, covers:
How to edit files with Emacs
Using the operating system shell through Emacs
How to use multiple buffers, windows, and frames
Customizing Emacs interactively and through startup files
Writing macros to circumvent repetitious tasks
Emacs as a programming environment for Java, C++, and Perl, among others
Using Emacs as an integrated development environment (IDE)
Integrating Emacs with CVS, Subversion and other change control systems for projects with multiple developers
Writing HTML, XHTML, and XML with Emacs
The basics of Emacs Lisp
The book is aimed at new Emacs users, whether or not they are programmers. Also useful for readers switching from other Emacs implementations to GNU Emacs.
Product Description: Many of the most popular programming tools on UNIX are free. They offer a great deal of power within an operating system that can be customized and tuned in almost unlimited ways. This book and CD combination is a complete package for programmers who are new to UNIX or who would like to make better use of the system. The tools were put together by Cygnus Support, Inc., and Cyclic Software, companies that provide support for free software. Contents include GNU Emacs, gcc, C and C++ libraries, gdb, RCS, and make. The book provides an introduction to all these tools for a C programmer. Previous experience with UNIX is not required. The CD-ROM contains binaries for several popular UNIX systems, including Sun SPARC4 running SunOS 4.1.3, Sun SPARC4 running Solaris 2.4, HP 9000/700 running HPUX, IBM RS/6000 running AIX 3, SGI Iris/Indigo running Irix 5.3, and Alpha running Digital UNIX. Complete source code and scripts for configuration, building, and installation are also included.
The GNU Autotools make it easy for developers to create software that is portable across many UNIX-like operating systems. Thousands of open source software packages use the Autotools, but the learning curve is unfortunately steep, and it can be difficult for a beginner to find anything more than basic reference material on using the powerful software suite.
In Autotools, author John Calcote begins with an overview of high-level concepts; then tackles more advanced topics, like using the M4 macro processor with Autoconf, extending the Automake framework, and building Java and C# sources.
You'll learn how to:
Master the Autotools build system to maximize your software's portability
Generate Autoconf configuration scripts to simplify the compilation process
Produce portable makefiles with Automake
Build cross-platform software libraries with Libtool
Write your own Autoconf macros
Autotools also includes a variety of complete projects that you're encouraged to work through to gain a real-world sense of how to become an Autotools practitioner. For example, you'll turn the FLAIM and Jupiter projects' hand-coded, makefile-based build systems into a powerful Autotools-based build system.
If you have programming experience and a familiarity with C--the dominant language in embedded systems--Programming Embedded Systems, Second Edition is exactly what you need to get started with embedded software. This software is ubiquitous, hidden away inside our watches, DVD players, mobile phones, anti-lock brakes, and even a few toasters. The military uses embedded software to guide missiles, detect enemy aircraft, and pilot UAVs. Communication satellites, deep-space probes, and many medical instruments would have been nearly impossible to create without embedded software.
The first edition of Programming Embedded Systems taught the subject to tens of thousands of people around the world and is now considered the bible of embedded programming. This second edition has been updated to cover all the latest hardware designs and development methodologies.
The techniques and code examples presented here are directly applicable to real-world embedded software projects of all sorts. Examples use the free GNU software programming tools, the eCos and Linux operating systems, and a low-cost hardware platform specially developed for this book. If you obtain these tools along with Programming Embedded Systems, Second Edition, you'll have a full environment for exploring embedded systems in depth. But even if you work with different hardware and software, the principles covered in this book apply.
Whether you are new to embedded systems or have done embedded work before, you'll benefit from the topics in this book, which include:
How building and loading programs differ from desktop or server computers
Basic debugging techniques--a critical skill when working with minimally endowed embedded systems
Handling different types of memory
Interrupts, and the monitoring and control of on-chip and external peripherals
Determining whether you have real-time requirements, and whether your operating system and application can meet those requirements
Task synchronization with real-time operating systems and embedded Linux
Optimizing embedded software for size, speed, and power consumption
Working examples for eCos and embedded Linux
So whether you're writing your first embedded program, designing the latest generation of hand-held whatchamacalits, or managing the people who do, this book is for you. Programming Embedded Systems will help you develop the knowledge and skills you need to achieve proficiency with embedded software.
Praise for the first edition:
"This lively and readable book is the perfect introduction for those venturing into embedded systems software development for the first time. It provides in one place all the important topics necessary to orient programmers to the embedded development process. --Lindsey Vereen, Editor-in-Chief, Embedded Systems Programming
Product Description: This manual is the definitive guide to GNU Octave, an interactive environment for numerical computation. GNU Octave provides a convenient command-line interface for solving linear and nonlinear problems using vectors and matrices. This updated edition of the manual covers version 3 of GNU Octave, and includes documentation for new features such as sparse matrices, linear programming and computational geometry. GNU Octave is free software, distributed under the GNU General Public License (GPL). All the money raised from the sale of this book supports the development of free software. For each copy sold $1 is donated to the GNU Octave Development Fund by the publisher (Network Theory Ltd).
Product Description: The GNU Scientific Library (GSL) is a free numerical library for C and C++ programmers. It provides over 1,000 routines for solving mathematical problems in science and engineering. Written by the developers of GSL this reference manual is the definitive guide to the library. The GNU Scientific Library is free software, distributed under the GNU General Public License (GPL). All the money raised from the sale of this book supports the development of the GNU Scientific Library. This is the third edition of the manual, and corresponds to version 1.12 of the library (updated January 2009).
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Product Description: The GNU Debugger allows you to see what is going on "inside" a program while it executes - or what a program was doing at the moment it crashed.
GDB supports C, C++, Java, Fortran and Assembly among other languages; it is also designed to work closely with the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC).
The GNU Debugger Program has four special features that helps you catch bugs in the act:
* It starts your program for you, specifying anything that might affect it's behavior. * Makes your program stop under specified conditions. * Examines what happened when the program stopped. * Allows you to experiment with changes to see what effect they have on the program.
This book will show you:
* setting and clearing breakpoints * examining the stack, source files and data * examining the symbol table * altering program execution * specifying a target for debugging * how to control the debugger * how to use canned command sequences * how to install GDB * and much more!
This manual is written for programmers. It is designed so someone can begin utilizing GDB after just reading the first chapter, or read the whole manual and master the program. Synopsis of ideas and extensive examples are given.
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Product Description: GNU Emacs is the most popular and widespread of the Emacs family of editors. It is also the most powerful and flexible. Unlike all other text editors, GNU Emacs is a complete working environment -- you can stay within Emacs all day without leaving. The GNU Emacs Pocket Reference is a companion volume to O'Reilly's Learning GNU Emacs, which tells you how to get started with the GNU Emacs editor and, as you become more proficient, it will help you learn how to use Emacs more effectively. This small book, covering Emacs version 20, is a handy reference guide to the basic elements of this powerful editor, presenting the Emacs commands in an easy-to-use tabular format.
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